استاندارد ASHRAE
- 1392/03/30
- 5 دیدگاه
سازمان گرمایش و سرمایش و تهویه مطبوع آمریکا که اصطلاحا به آن اشری (ASHRAE) دارای چهار هندبوک استاندارد بین المللی می باشد:
مبانی (Fundamentals)
سرمایش (Refrigeration)
تجهیزات و سیستم های تهویه (HVAC Systems & Equipment)
کاربردهای سیستم تهویه (HVAC Applications)
ASHRAE
آخرین استانداردهای این سازمان بصورت زیر می باشد:
Fundamentals – 2009
HVAC Applications – 2007
HVAC Systems & Equipment – 2008
Refrigeration – 2006
قسمت پایه و مبانی (Fundamentals) آن دارای سرفصلهای زیر می باشد:
PRINCIPLES
1. Psychrometrics
2. Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Cycles
3. Fluid Flow
4. Heat Transfer
5. Two-Phase Flow
6. Mass Transfer
7. Fundamentals of Control
8. Sound and Vibration
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
9. Thermal Comfort
10. Indoor Environmental Health
11. Air Contaminants
12. Odors
13. Indoor Environmental Modeling
LOAD AND ENERGY CALCULATIONS
14. Climatic Design Information
15. Fenestration
16. Ventilation and Infiltration
17. Residential Cooling and Heating Load Calculations
18. Nonresidential Cooling and Heating Load Calculations
19. Energy Estimating and Modeling Methods
HVAC DESIGN
20. Space Air Diffusion
21. Duct Design
22. Pipe Sizing
23. Insulation for Mechanical Systems
24. Airflow Around Buildings
BUILDING ENVELOPE
25. Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assemblies—Fundamentals
26. Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assemblies—Material Properties
27. Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Insulated Assemblies—Examples
MATERIALS
28. Combustion and Fuels
29. Refrigerants
30. Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants
31. Physical Properties of Secondary Coolants (Brines)
32. Sorbents and Desiccants
33. Physical Properties of Materials
GENERAL
34. Energy Resources
35. Sustainability
36. Measurement and Instruments
37. Abbreviations and Symbols
38. Units and Conversions
39. Codes and Standards
قسمت کاربردهای آن (HVAC Applications) دارای سرفصلهای زیر می باشد:
COMFORT APPLICATIONS
1. Residences
2. Retail Facilities
3. Commercial and Public Buildings
4. Places of Assembly
5. Hotels, Motels, and Dormitories
6. Educational Facilities
7. Health Care Facilities
8. Justice Facilities
9. Automobiles and Mass Transit
10. Aircraft
11. Ships
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
12. Industrial Air Conditioning
13. Enclosed Vehicular Facilities
14. Laboratories
15. Engine Test Facilities
16. Clean Spaces
17. Data Processing and Electronic Office Areas
18. Printing Plants
19. Textile Processing Plants
20. Photographic Materials
21. Museums, Galleries, Archives, and Libraries
22. Environmental Control for Animals and Plants
23. Drying and Storing Selected Farm Crops
24. Air Conditioning of Wood and Paper Product Facilities
25. Power Plants
26. Nuclear Facilities
27. Mine Air Conditioning and Ventilation
28. Industrial Drying Systems
29. Ventilation of the Industrial Environment
30. Industrial Local Exhaust Systems
31. Kitchen Ventilation
ENERGY-RELATED APPLICATIONS
32. Geothermal Energy
33. Solar Energy Use
34. Thermal Storage
BUILDING OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
35. Energy Use and Management
36. Owning and Operating Costs
37. Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing
38. Operation and Maintenance Management
39. Computer Applications
40. Building Energy Monitoring
41. Supervisory Control Strategies and Optimization
42. HVAC Commissioning
GENERAL APPLICATIONS
43. Building Envelopes
44. Building Air Intake and Exhaust Design
45. Control of Gaseous Indoor Air Contaminants
46. Design and Application of Controls
47. Sound and Vibration Control
48. Water Treatment
49. Service Water Heating
50. Snow Melting and Freeze Protection
51. Evaporative Cooling
52. Fire and Smoke Management
53. Radiant Heating and Cooling
54. Seismic and Wind Restraint Design
55. Electrical Considerations
56. Room Air Distribution
57. Integrated Building Design
58. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Explosive Incidents
59. Codes and Standards
قسمت HVAC Systems & Equipment دارای سرفصل های زیر می باشد:
AIR-CONDITIONING AND HEATING SYSTEMS
1. HVAC System Analysis and Selection
2. Decentralized Cooling and Heating
3. Central Cooling and Heating
4. Air Handling and Distribution
5. In-Room Terminal Systems
6. Panel Heating and Cooling
7. Combined Heat and Power Systems
8. Applied Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Systems
9. Design of Small Forced-Air Heating and Cooling Systems
10. Steam Systems
11. District Heating and Cooling
12. Hydronic Heating and Cooling System Design
13. Condenser Water Systems
14. Medium- and High-Temperature Water Heating Systems
15. Infrared Radiant Heating
16. Ultraviolet Lamp Systems
17. Combustion Turbine Inlet Cooling
AIR-HANDLING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
18. Duct Construction
19. Room Air Distribution Equipment
20. Fans
21. Humidifiers
22. Air-Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils
23. Desiccant Dehumidification and Pressure-Drying Equipment
24. Mechanical Dehumidifiers and Related Components
25. Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment
26. Air-Heating Coils
27. Unit Ventilators, Unit Heaters, and Makeup Air Units
28. Air Cleaners for Particulate Contaminants
29. Industrial Gas Cleaning and Air Pollution Control Equipment
HEATING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
30. Automatic Fuel-Burning Equipment
31. Boilers
32. Furnaces
33. Residential In-Space Heating Equipment
34. Chimney, Vent, and Fireplace Systems
35. Hydronic Heat-Distributing Units and Radiators
36. Solar Energy Equipment
COOLING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
37. Compressors
38. Condensers
39. Cooling Towers
40. Evaporative Air-Cooling Equipment
41. Liquid Coolers
42. Liquid-Chilling Systems
GENERAL COMPONENTS
43. Centrifugal Pumps
44. Motors, Motor Controls, and Variable-Speed Pumps
45. Pipes, Tubes, and Fittings
46. Valves
47. Heat Exchangers
PACKAGED, UNITARY, AND SPLIT-SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
48. Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
49. Room Air Conditioners and Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners
GENERAL
50. Thermal Storage
51. Codes and Standards
و در نهایت قسمت سرمایش (Refrigeration) آن دارای سرفصل های زیر می باشد:
Refrigeration System Practices
1. Liquid Overfeed Systems
2. System Practices for Halocargbon Refrigerants
3. System Practices for Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Refrigerants
4. Secondary Coolants in Refrigeration Systems
5. Refrigerant System Chemistry
6. Control of Moisture and Other Contaminants in Refrigerant Systems
7. Lubricants in Refrigerant Systems
8. Refrigerant Containment, Recovery, Recycling, and Reclamation
Food Storage and Equipment
9. Thermal Properties of Foods
10. Cooling and Freezing Times of Foods
11. Commodity Storage Requirements
12. Food Microbiology and Refrigeration
13. Refrigeration Load
14. Refrigerated Facility Design
15. Methods of Precooling Fruits, Vegetables, and Cut Flowers
Food Refrigeration
16. Industrial Food Freezing Systems
17. Meat Products
18. Poultry Products
19. Fishery Products
20. Dairy Products
21. Eggs and Egg Products
22. Deciduous Tree and Vine Fruit
23. Citrus Fruit, Bananas, and Subtropical Fruit
24. Vegetables
25. Fruit Juice Concentrates and Chilled Juice Products
26. Beverages
27. Processed, Precooked, and Prepared Foods
28. Bakery Products
29. Chocolates, Candies, Nuts, Dried Fruits, and Dried Vegetables
Distribution of Chilled and Frozen Food
30. Cargo Containers, Rail Cars, Trailers, and Trucks
31. Marine Refrigeration
32. Air Transport
Industrial Applications
33. Insulation Systems for Refrigerant Piping
34. Ice Manufacture
35. Ice Rinks
36. Concrete Dams and Subsurface Soils
37. Refrigeration in the Chemical Industry
Low-Temperature Applications
38. Cryogenics
39. Ultralow-Temperature Refrigeration
40. Biomedical Applications of Cryogenic Refrigeration
Refrigeration Equipment
41. Absorption Cooling, Heating, and Refrigeration Equipment
42. Forced-Circulation Air Coolers
43. Component Balancing in Refrigeration Systems
44. Refrigerant-Control Devices
45. Factory Dehydrating, Charging, and Testing
Unitary Refrigeration Equipment
46. Retail Food Store Refrigeration and Equipment
47. Food Service and General Commercial Refrigeration Equipment
48. Household Refrigerators and Freezers
General Chapter
49. Codes and Standards
تمامی استاندادرهای فوق و نسخه های جدید 2013 و 2015 در کانال تلگرامی سایت موجود است.
مطالب مرتبط
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